Trump and Iran - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1468 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? I have chosen to analyze Donald Trump through the lens of realism. Realisms use in international relations is fairly new. The basic ideas of realism can be traced back to classical texts such as Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War. Realism essentially says that people are afraid and try to self-preserve by obtaining power. Within realism are two sub-theories which are classical realism and neorealism. Classical realism believes that it is human nature which is responsible for conflict and war. Neorealism posits that it is the anarchic system that is responsible. Realists main concern is the accumulation of power. They believe that states try to gain power in an attempt to either deter other states from engaging in war, or have the greatest advantage when war does occur. Power can be expressed in many ways. It can be having the most, and most powerful and advanced weapons. It can be having access to natural resources such as oil. Strategic location of a state can also be a source of power; how many states share your borders or what percentage of your borders are land or water. Population size can be a source of power as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Trump and Iran" essay for you Create order Realists focus mainly on the international level of analysis. They believe that states always act in their own self-interest. Also, that the international system is anarchic; there is no governing force that regulates international relations. Realists believe that when a state goes to war, that state will not be swayed by any individual or sub-state actor. IRAN I decided to research the Trump administrations relationship with Iran. For many years the US had a great relationship with the country. Iran was an important ally for the US in the middle east during the Cold War. The relationship between Iran and the United States has been turbulent since the end of the 70s. Iran has had a very anti-American stance and supported groups widely considered to be terrorist organizations. Also, their pursuit of nuclear technology has had many countries around the world worried. Prior to the Cold War, the US had little interest in Iran. During the Cold War, the then Shah of Irans desire to increase its military capabilities and national defense, and the United States desire to fight communism led to an important alliance between the two countries. The US played a key role in the 1953 coup d? ©tat which overthrew the Prime Minister of Iran. Over the next few decades, much military and financial assistance was given to the Iranian government. Ironicall y, the US also gave Iran the nuclear technology that has become the main issue today. Much of Irans population resented the United States for their role in the 1953 coup. In 1979, a revolution removed the Shah and replaced him with an anti-American ruler Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Shortly after, a group of students who feared that the US was planning another coup, overtook the US embassy and took 52 American diplomats hostage. The hostage situation greatly devastated US-Iranian relations. In 1980, President Carter cut ties with Iran. In the early 2000s, it was discovered that Iran was enriching uranium and was attempting to develop nuclear weapons. Over the next few years, the US and its allies imposed sanctions on Iran in an attempt to deter them from continuing to try and produce nuclear weapons. In 2015, the US along with China, Germany, France, Russia, England, and the EU helped sign the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) which was supposed to prevent Iran from developing the technology to create nuclear weapons. It also lifted sanctions on Iran. Iran almost immediately violated the agreement and began testing long range ballistic missiles. Iran continued to violate the agreement multiple times although they deny that their actions were in violation of the plan. President Trump has been a very harsh critic of Iran and the JCPOA. He believes that paralyzing sanctions were removed and replaced by a weak deal that failed to stop Irans development of ballistic missiles or address Irans activity in countries such as Yemen or Syria. He believes that the sanctions gave the US bargaining power and a strong grip on Iran. In May of 2018, President Trump pulled out of the JCPOA and re-imposed sanctions. EXPLANATION The policy decisions President Trump has made towards Iran greatly reflect those of a realist. He views Iran as a threat to American power and to the safety of American service members, citizens, and its allies. In a speech, Trump said essentially that Iran is a major contributor to conflicts in the middle east, is a supporter of many terrorist organizations, and that their quest to develop nukes is a major threat to the world. He also believes that the JCPOA was weak and did little to curb Irans bad behavior in the region. Iran has been seen for a long time as a threat to the United States and its interests abroad. In May, Trump removed the US from the Iran deal. He saw the deal as weak and putting the US in a bad position. He wants an agreement where Iran fully abandons their nuclear and ballistic missile development, allows regular inspections of important locations such as military bases, and halts their involvement in other conflicts in the middle east. Trump sites documents s eized by Israeli forces from a storage facility in Tehran. He claims that the documents provide sufficient evidence that Iran has been violating the agreement and either has been or intends to continue their pursuit of nuclear weapons. According to other sources though, there is nothing in the documents that says that Iran has been pursuing the development of nuclear weapons since the deal was made. Trump has stated that he doesnt feel that the deal is strict enough to prevent Iran from continuing their research. He believes that allowing the regime to continue any enrichment of uranium is dangerous and that they will continue to attempt to create weapons grade uranium. Iran has violated the deal in other ways though, multiple times since it was made. Iran has test fired long range ballistic missiles that could carry multiple nuclear warheads. The UN had banned Irans import of ballistic missile technology for up to eight years. The deal also doesnt help stop Irans poor behavior in supporting terrorist groups or brutal wars in the middle east. Iran is a supporter of groups such as the Taliban, Hezbollah, Hamas, and Al Qaeda. Iran has supported the development of these groups and some of their attacks against American military personnel and citizens. Trumps strategy against Iran is to use sanctions rather than military force to cripple the regime. The US alone has pulled out of the JCPOA, to the dismay of its European allies, and implemented sanctions in an attempt to strong arm Iran into compliance. Trump is attempting to cut off all Iranian oil exports, and threatening to implement sanctions against any state that continues to buy oil from Iran. He believes that if he continues to implement sanctions against Iran, that they will not continue their research into nuclear fuel, European allies will eventually join in on the sanctions as well, and ultimately the regime will submit and negotiate a new deal with the Trump administration. And the end goal is to oust the current regime and reinstall democracy in the country. EVALUATION Tensions between the US and Iran have definitely gotten worse since Donald Trump was elected into office. His position towards Iran has been hostile and he has given them no wiggle room. Other states that were part of the JCPOA believed that the deal was sufficient and they were against the US pulling out. President Trump seems to pay little attention to the advice of others. Its hard to say what Trumps true intentions are because what he says, and what he does many times do no align, and what he says is frequently not quite the truth. CONCLUSION Trump clearly displays behavior that classifies him as a realist. He has made little to no effort to establish diplomatic relations with Iran and has been harsh with his sanctions. His actions appear to be attempting to place the US in a more powerful position in the world. It could be said that Donald Trump might be a constructivist as well. He appears to be trying to change ideas about how government should be run. None the less, he has made it very clear that he believes that the previous deal with Iran put the US in a very weak position and that the US had a lot of leverage on Iran prior to the deal being made. He wants to create a deal that will keep a nuclear arms race from happening in the middle east and put the US in a more powerful position in the international system.

The Immigration Of Mexican Drug Cartels - 981 Words

People who are illegal immigrants, travel distances and cross borders to seek a better life while they are desperately looking for a better opportunities, they are also running away from famine, wars or violence from their homeland. For example, Mexico and most central and South America countries unfortunately have a poor economic, environmental and life is not easy to live there. These countries also still engaged in a war with various reasons. Especially; Mexican drug cartels which kills more than 80,000 people in every year. Therefore, United States being the main country that so many immigrants attract as they try to cross the border illegally. As they looking a place that provides freedom of speech and religion, steady jobs, a safe environment, and benefits for the poor and unemployed. It has become a home for many of them. â€Å"In 2012, the population of immigrants in the United States illegally is estimated to 11.43 million, rough 3.7% of the entire US population. 59% of the immigrants in the country illegally are from Mexico†. 25% of all the immigrants in the country are illegally reside in California State. As the crossing the border and the journey is hard, in 2008, 53% out of all the immigrants are males which are younger than 40 years old. Some people believes that this people deserve a chance because most of them come with a good intentions. Specifically, they just want jobs where they can get decently paid so they can support them self and their family back home.Show MoreRelatedMexican Immigrants And Illegal Immigrants Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesMany American citizens are responsible for illegal Mexican immigrants’ determination to enter the United States because numerous American citizen’s revenue money, drugs, and fame as a lifestyle which makes America the center of attraction for illegal immigrants to cross the border. It is clear that most Mexican immigrants transport an abundant amount of money payments and drugs a cross the U.S. border in return for more money so gangs and cartels can earn a recognized status through money and respectRead MoreThe Impact of Law Enforcement Tactics on Us1739 Words   |  7 PagesIMPACT ON US LAW ENFORCEMENT TACTICS The current violence and drug traffic in Mexico presents a twofold problem in regards to domestic law enforcement in the United States. Not only are US law enforcement authorities required to combat the massive influx of illicit drugs from Mexico, they are also expected to stem the tide of illegal immigrants, many fleeing the dire circumstances in their home country, and also to quell fears of cartel violence spilling over our largely unsecured southern borderRead MoreSecurity On The Southern Border1246 Words   |  5 Pageskind that President- elect, Donald Trump, is thinking about. II. Stop drugs coming into America A. Destroying inner cities 1. Destroying Families 2. Making drugs more accessible B. Shows weakness of the U.S. III. Stop illegal weapons into Mexico from the U.S. A. Supplying the cartels 1. Encourages growth of cartel kingdoms 2. Strengthens them B. Increasing violence C. Enabling the killing of even more Mexican citizens IV. Illegals holding wages down A. Companies pay less B. MoreRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonia Nazario s Enrique s Journey 1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdepth about how drug wars play a big role in immigration. The persistent violent behavior in Mexico executed by drug cartels, caused a generous amount of Mexican natives to flee to the United States looking for refuge. Even with the United States’ collaboration in Mexico’s government to crackdown on drug trafficking organizations, violence continues to rise. Not only does violence cause immigration, but the corruption of local and state government officials have added to the drug-related violenceRead MoreThe Mexican Cartel Is A Ruthless Crime Origination1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican cartel is a ruthless crime origination. It controls Mexico through bribes and fear. There are many factions of the cartel, and they are at constant war with one another. They war over many reasons from drugs to human trafficking. These battles often spill out into the streets causing the loose of many innocent lives. The cartel has a strangle hold on the Mexican people. The cartels operate much like other organized crime groups. Like the Mafia there are many factions. Each factionRead MoreMexican Folk Songs Or Corridos1468 Words   |  6 PagesMexican folk songs or corridos have encounter great change over the years. Some of the changes of corridos can be credited to the different culture we live in now. Corridos in the past have been about the Mexican-American War, but most recently corridos began to be about life struggles such as immigration and the violent drug war. While the topics of corridos have changed over the years, corridos keep a familiar format with focusing on key issues of oppression, daily life, and socially relevant eventsRead MoreThe Problem Of Illegal Immigration1046 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, illegal immigration has been a major issue that has affected many civilians in America. This problem has been made from migrates who try to enter the country of America without any form of identification, currency, education, or m edical stability. These immigrants also bring disease, drugs, weapons, and cartels. The main problem America is having with illegal immigrants is that they are difficult to provide for. Many migrants are using the government as a source of income. Our economy canRead MoreJoy Luck Club Themes Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesJoy Luck Club†, is immigration. Immigration is mainly mentioned during the times of the four mothers. Each mother had come from china because the Japanese were causing damage and destruction across China. This is very like the article named, â€Å"U.S. Appetite for Mexico’s Drugs Fuels Illegal Immigration.†, about immigrants coming from Mexico into the U.S., due to all the drug trafficking because of the cartel in Mexico and the multiple border states across the U.S... the immigration in the novel is veryRead MoreDrugs to Death in a Political Cartoon: An Oversimplification?1308 Words   |  6 PagesDrugs to Death in a Political Cartoon: An Ove rsimplification? As the more stable counterpart to an inconsistent southern neighbor, the United States has always had a suspicious outlook towards Mexico. In recent years, the boost in illegal immigration, the unstable economies in both countries and the issues resulting from drug use and trade have added tension to the already strained relationship. Blame flows and lands on various subjects: each government, drug cartels, drug users, andRead MoreThe Mexican Cartel On A Global Scale1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mexican Cartel on a Global scale The Mexican drug cartel is a major actor on the world scene. Even though it is not seen this way by the general public, those who pay attention know how far their reach is. The Mexican cartel has expanded. There seems to be no sign of them slowing. They have the perfect storm of money, military backing, political connections and Public intimidation. Their empire is growing by the minute. Unfortunately most people have not given these ruthless criminals the attention

Ski Jacket Free Essays

The analysis conducted shows the importance of quantity production variability on the profit maximizing verge. A range of values is presented by four Regional Sales Managers; each region includes the minimum, most likely and maximum sales values of a random variable. The sample data is described as simple, limited, and somewhat scarce; therefore, given the grade of uncertainty, the most appropriate and suitable distribution to use is the Triangular distribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Ski Jacket or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Monte Carlo Simulation from Microsoft Excel @Risk, will calculate â€Å"a model output value many times with different input values. The purpose is to get a complete range of all possible scenerios. †1 For the Region 1 the demand is generated from (3000, 4000, 8000) with a mean of 5000. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 22%. The graph is right skewed, as we see the mean (5000) is right to the median (4875), and the median is right to the mode (4000); its peak represents the most likely value (4000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 5000 jackets. For the Region 2 the demand is generated from (2000, 4000, 5000) with a mean of 3667. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 17%. The graph is left skewed, as we see the mean (3667) is relatively close, but left to the median (3717), and the median is also close, and left to the mode (4013); its peak represents the most likely value (4000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 3667 jackets. For the Region 3 the demand is generated from (1500, 2000, 3500) with a mean of 2333. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 18%. The graph is left skewed, as we see the mean (2,333) is left to the median (2269), and the median left to the mode (2242); its peak represents the most likely value (2000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 2333 jackets. For the Region 4 the demand is generated from (500, 1000, 1500) with a mean of 1000. One point of interest in the data is the variability of the values. According to the parameters of this data the coefficient of variability is 20%. The graph perfectly symmetric, the peak represents the most likely value (1000). According to the input the total demand average generated for this region is 1000 jackets. When the four Regional demands are summarize (5000, 3667, 2333, 1000) we totalize an estimate value of 12000 jackets. The four Regions have different means, standard deviation; the tendencies of the values are they decrease from Region 1 to Region 4. Beside the values provided by the four Regional Sales Managers, 12 Egress employees have independently estimated demand for the upcoming season. Using the same program described above, the sample data generated a mean of 11750, standard deviation 3678, and an IQR of 5039. The best distribution fit for the sample appears to be triangular. If compared to the Regional Manager’s demand, the mean generated from the employ ees’ estimate (11750) is very close to the total demand estimated by the triangular distribution (12000) from the manager’s data. The most appealing option, between the two demand estimates, is the Regional Manager’s demand as it leads to the possibility of generating triangular distribution estimates, easy to understand and visualize any effect of any changes, which will result in positive decision making. There are three different quantities of production levels projected for the upcoming season (7800, 12000, 14000). According to the previous demand estimates, the total quantity demanded is 12000. Therefore, the production level of 7800 jackets does not match the demand estimated; there is a demand shortage of 4200 jackets, which will result in disadvantage, explained as follows. When compared this quantity level of production with the 12000 production level, there is an $84,000 profit difference between both levels, which makes us determine that between both the most appealing alternative for profit maximization is the 12000 production level. On the other hand, the 14000 production level generated a total profit estimate of $40,000; his amount can be translated into a loss of $100,000 when compared to the 12000 production level. Meaning that, 2000 extra jackets produced over the estimated demand will be sold at $30 per unit instead of $100. However, if these 2000 extra jackets were to be sold at full price ($100 per unit) profits would increase by $40,000. Finally, when comparing all three production levels, we can conclude that the most suitable alternative, that comprises t he most benefits, in terms of profit maximization, is the 12000 quantity production level. How to cite Ski Jacket, Papers

Alcohol And Domestic Violence Essay Example For Students

Alcohol And Domestic Violence Essay Domestic ViolenceFound at the scene of the crime two dead bodies stabbed brutally, and leftto die at their house. This was the story that shocked the country in 1991. This was the start of the O.J. Simpson domestic abuse case that is still goingon today. Unfortunately events like this happen many times over everyday inmany setting all over the United states; however the victims of the other casesdont get nearly as much publicity. Some facts about domestic abuse:An average of nine out of 10 women have to be turned away from shelterson. The reason so few cases get assigned initially is the police usuallydont have enough officers to meet the demandAt the Portland Womens Crisis Line, where calls have doubled since thekillings of Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman, they welcome the increasedattention. From July 19,through March 31, 1993 a total of 3,665 domestic violencecases were reviewed in Portland Oregon. Of those, only 281 cases resulted insome action taken against the accused abuser. Some of this is because there isnot enough police, but it is mostly because the abused person is scared. For the last six months of 1993 and the first three months of 1994Portland averaged about 1,000 calls each month or 12,000 calls a year. In January 1992, 30 criminal domestic violence complaints were issued. For January 1994, the number was more than 100. Nationally, estimates range from 2 to 4 million women assaults each year. Some studies show that 20 to 30 percent of all women who seek help athospital emergency rooms are there because of domestic violence. Kyra Woods never made it to the emergency room. Whoever killed her saw tothat. She suffered 13 stab wounds to the back five of them so violent the knifecame out the other side of her body. Woods mother, Mable, and two aunts wept quietly in a back row of thecourtroom as the prosecution argued against bail for Woods former boyfriendJackson. Rod Underhill, the prosecutor, painted a picture of domestic violence. He told of a dramatic moment after the killing, when Woods 4-year-old son,holding a teddy bear, re- enacted the attack. He put his hands around the neckof the bear and shook it, Underhill said. He began to pound it with a closedfist and slug it.Mable Woods said that her daughter never told her much about any abuse. Neighbors, however, told police of hearing the couple fight violently. Accordingto police reports, one neighbor said, They fought so hard the pictures on thewall shook back and forth.Jackson has pleaded innocent. His attorney, Angel Lopez, points out that nomurder weapon has been found. He said the account from the 4-year-old boy couldnot be matched with any others, and he pointed out inconsistencies in the boysstatements. Bail was denied. Jackson was accused of killing his former girlfriend, Kyra Woods, bystabbing her 13 times. His bail hearing normally would have merited littlepublic attention. What brought out the cameras and reporter was the Simpson case. Children are often the unseen victims of domestic abuse. they see oneof their parents being harmed and this leads to high stress. Boys tend to bemuch more hostile when raised in a broken home. They are also ten times morelikely to be abusive when they grow up. Girls raised in an abusive family tendto be very shy and afraid of boys. When they grow up they are 50 times morelikely to marry an abusive husband. .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 , .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .postImageUrl , .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 , .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:hover , .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:visited , .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:active { border:0!important; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:active , .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111 .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3088b4356ecc7a1d5b49f236b33b7111:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find EssayThe effect of domestic abuse on society is negative, but unfortunatelyit does not get much publicity unless it involves a figure that is well knownsuch as O.J. Simpson. Another sad thing is that people often shrug off domesticabuse calling it a personal matter because they dont want to get involved orthey are afraid of what people will think about themSurvivors have found the emotional strength to break from their abusersthrough different means: a hot-line number remembered from a restroom wall, awallet card of crisis numbers from a pediatrician who would not overlook amothers black eye. A grown child begging her mother to fleeand a shelter withan open bed. The women, some with their identities changed to protect their privacy,talked about shame, guilt, fear of triggering even greater violence, low self-worth, isolation, embarrassment, numbing depression, concern for children,foiled escapes, a unrealistic sense of reality, a walking-on-eggshells existenceand, perhaps above all, an illogical hope that something would change. the abuser can make everything sound so good, says Florence A. Reid, 45,now living in transitional housing through Bradley- Angle House after 10 yearsin a violent marriage and another 13 year relationship, in an abusiverelationship both with men who were full of promises after the pummelings. Even now, 25 years later, after dozens of broken ribs, a broken jaw, pushesdownstairs, and out a car, and thrice-weekly bouts with her husband sometimesdrunk, sometimes soberkicking with his work boots as she lay on the floor;even now, Reid has pipe dreams of living happily with this teen-age love, ofsitting on a front porch and talking about the old days. Wouldnt that be nice? asks Reid. Just live a normal life with thefather of my children.The first time I tried leaving my husband was 1972. I took the kids to afriends house, she remembers. He found me and brought a gun with him. Ofcourse, I just went back.In 1992, after dozens of tries, Ruth left for the last time, with the helpof a daughter, and ended up at West Womens Childrens Shelter. Ruth, who now works part-time at a bank, sighs. I dont know. For years,my excuse was the kids. And of course, I realize that was probably the worstthing I did for them. And I always thought, Things will get better if I dothis.'Other women clung to similar fantasies, sure the goodness and charm wouldreturnif they could love him better, do everything right. When someone abusesanother person they often have a certain attitude such as thinking that it isthe abused persons fault and that they brought it upon themselves. extensivestudies have shown this. The abuser often blames the person who was abused fortheir troubles. Abusers often have a hard time communicating. Unfortunately theabuser is rarely gets action taken against them.But when they do it is oftenvery serious. The least that could happen is that the abuser gets a restrainingorder. In more serious cases there can be a number of penalties ranging fromshort prison term to a life sentence. This is the information that I found whenI looked up domestic abuse. As you can see some of these facts are rather grimbut people are becoming more open to ideas and people are reporting more thanever. I hope that this stops being the most un reported crime in the UnitedStates so that we can get the problem under control. BibliographyBreiner, S., Slaughter of the Innocents (1990);deMause, L., The History of Childhood (1988);Kempe, H., and Helfer, R., The Battered Child, 4th ed. (1987);Kempe, Ruth S. and C. Henry, Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents(1984);Moorehead, C., ed., Betrayal (1990); Wexler, R., Wounded Innocents(1990). .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 , .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .postImageUrl , .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 , .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:hover , .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:visited , .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:active { border:0!important; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:active , .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86 .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c39e0abbf904bfa07b1c1cd8773fb86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter Essay ThesisDomestic Abuse Metro Nashville Police Department Evaluation of theSurviving Together Support Group for Women and Children (Womens Group)For Health and Community Services July 1995 By Christine SziklaEASTWOOD, S. Parenting After The Violence in Parent Help Program: News Information Number 8, November 1992, The Australian Council for EducationalResearch Limited, Hawthorn: Victoria. (p.4)WARD, J. How to Research Community Issues: The Grounded CommunityDevelopment Research Method. Partnership Press in Association withDeakin University, Melbourne: 1993. Social Issues

Alcohol Essay Example Alcoholism is not a Genetically Inherent Disease

Alcoholism is not a Genetically Inherent Disease Alcoholism is a state of mind where an individual is obsessed and he feels pressured to take alcohol in spite of the substance’s negative effects on the person’s life (Blume, Nielson, and Riggs 862). Also referred to as alcohol dependence, alcoholism which is an addictive disorder ends to advances with time. An alcoholic in most cases has no power to manage his/her drinking habits. Many researchers have found out that this disorder begins with an individual taking one, two, or three quantities of drink at one sitting or in one day and gradually progressing to more and more quantities. Alcoholism has been widely described by doctors as a serious, dangerous and deadly illness (Miller para 33).   The symptoms of alcoholic individual are normally similar to those ones of other sickness, with most of them finding it very hard to accept their problem. Many psychologists admit that alcoholism may be influenced by environmental, social and genetic factors (Blume, Nielson, and Riggs 864). Ecological factors are seen as the main cause of the problem that is alcoholism. If a teenager stays with an alcoholic person he/she is prone to be alcoholic compared to a teenager who stays with an individual who takes not alcohol according to Hermann (94). This is statement holds true even if someone stays with individuals who are not his/her close relatives. When an individual grows up watching his/her close relatives taking alcohol, he or she will probably end up adopting the behavior as well. In this respect, the individual becomes a victim of ecological factors as noted Hermann (95).   Similarly, in case someone grows up with the notion that the panacea to handling trauma is drinking then they will find themselves becoming a drinker. This however does not mean that when a teenage spends some time with an alcoholic relative that he/she will definitely become an alcoholic. It only means that the person is more exposed to the hazard (Miller para 35). Some of the causes of alcohol dependence disorder are known to be social in nature. For example, it has been established that severe childhood trauma and lack of family and friends increase the risks of a person being dependent on drugs such as alcohol. Genes that are known to influence the breakdown of alcohol in the body may be indicated by people who come from families with histories of being alcoholic.   Past research also indicates that when an individual starts consuming alcohol at an early age, the genes that increase the risk of alcoholism may be influenced to start expressing themselves (Tracy 35). It has also been shown by research that people who are predisposed to alcoholism are more likely to start consuming the substance at less-than-average age. These and other past studies with similar sentiments have however been criticized by some experts who claim the there is no clear indication of the association between genetics and alcoholism. Conclusion Psychologists feel generally view alcoholism as a dependence syndrome. There ids general agreement as to the effects of social, environmental and genetic factors on the occurrence of alcoholism. However, it may not conclusively be stated that alcoholism is hereditary going by the critics posted by different professionals. Many psychologists have in fact reasoned that since it cannot be passed from one individual to another, alcoholism it is not hereditarily inborn. Work Cited Blume, Laura, Nielson, Nancy, and Riggs Joseph Alcoholism and alcohol abuse among women: report of the council on scientific affairs. Journal of womens health 7 (7): 861–870. 1998. Hermann, Mann. One hundred years of alcoholism: the Twentieth Century. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). 2000. Miller, Caddy (1977) Abstinence and controlled drinking in the treatment of problem drinkers. Viewed 6th December, 2010 http://www.disabled-world.com.piblish/alcoholic.shtml Tracy, Sarah. Alcoholism in America: from reconstruction to prohibition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.  31–52. 2005. Let Us Write Your Essay We kept nothing hidden from you. Everything we are, have, and own has been shared with you above. We are what we claim, and that’s why you should trust us for your work. So rather than further looking for any other company, simply reach us on Live Chat and tell our agent, â€Å"do my essay†. They will instantly issue you a new account, and thereafter, you can place the order. Ask for your login details now.

Influence of Women in the Yoruba Culture

Influence of Women in the Yoruba Culture Free Online Research Papers Soyinka’s play, Death and the King’s Horseman, is about a man who does not fulfill a tradition that has been carried on throughout his culture. When the King’s chief horseman, Elesin, does not complete his ritual suicide so that he can accompany the dead King to the other side, he breaks a tradition that has, for years, brought together the living and the dead. The tradition of the Yoruba culture is based on the position of the King and its passing down from father to son, as well as the same with the King’s horseman. Olunde, the oldest son of Elesin, knows this tradition and as soon as the King’s death is revealed, he is aware that his father will die a month later. When this does happen, Olunde is obligated to bury his father and then take over his role as the King’s horseman. The end of the play takes a turn when Olunde dies because his father has not succeeded is this tradition; no son is left behind to carry it out. This tradition has been broken and therefore it cannot be performed anymore. Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman presumably takes place in a world where males take control and women play a minor part in their central tradition. I do believe that an in-depth look at the women characters in Death and the King’s Horseman can show different ways of thinking about power, influence, and responsibility. There are many occurrences in the play in which you can tell how Elesin feels toward the women in his culture. For instance, in Act one, Elesin comes marching into the market and speaks about how all the women love him. The Praise-Singer then remembers the time Elesin was caught with his sister-in-law, ‘‘but I was only prostrating myself to her as becomes a grateful in-law† (Soyinka, pg. 14). In the same Act, Elesin becomes distracted by an object off-stage which is revealed later as a young woman who Elesin admires and must have. Another instance occurs in Act 3, when Elesin comes out of the wedding chamber with the stained sheet that shows the bride was a virgin and did not dishonor him. Lastly, in Act five, when Elesin is in the jail cell and Jane Pilkings tries to talk to Elesin about why her husband did what he did, Elesin is extremely impolite and basically shuns her from the whole thing, ‘‘That is my wife sitting down there. You notice how still a nd silent she sits? My business is with your husband† (Soyinka, pg. 54). Through these passages, we can understand that Elesin has a very important position in carrying out his tradition and he definitely does not see any influence in woman to help him. However, the women in the play seem to be in touch more with the spirit world than the men. Iyaloja, the Mother of the market, is the leader of all the women. In Death and the King’s Horseman, even Elesin shows Iyaloja her respect. Iyaloja is more insightful than Elesin. She sees the risk in Elesin’s request to marry and take the brides virginity and she warns him to be careful, â€Å"be sure the seed you leave attracts no curse† (Soyinka, pg. 18). Iyaloja also sees that the child between Elesin and the bride will be â€Å"the elusive being of passage† (Soyinka, pg. 17). However, Elesin, being the way that he is, does not listen to Iyaloja the same way that he does not want to hear Jane Pilkings. The women in this play appear to be more sensible compared to the male that they would be equal to, if rank mattered. Iyaloja is the leader of the women and is wiser than Elesin, the King’s horseman. In Act three, the women of the market make fun of Amusa and his constables, although police officers are higher in authority, â€Å"[with a sudden movement they snatch the batons of the two constables. They begin to hem them in.] ‘What next? We have your batons? What next? What are you going to do?’ [with equally swift movements they knock off their hats] ‘Move if you dare. We have your hats. What will you do about it? Didn’t the white man teach you to take off your hats before women?† (Soyinka, pgs. 29-30). The voices speaking are the characters labeled ‘girls’ therefore, the reader can presume that she is younger and still had that power to make the authority figure run off. Also, between Jane and Simon Pilkings, Jane is more alert a nd responsive to people’s feelings then her husband Simon. In Act 2, Jane and her husband are dancing around in their egungun costumes and Amusa comes in and feels awkward toward them (â€Å"the egungun costume is a long grass robe and a wooden mask representing the face or head of an animal that the re-incarnated spirits of the ancestors wear† [Soyinka, pg. 20]). Simon doesn’t really seem to care that Amusa is bothered by these costumes, but Jane senses Amusa’s distress and tries to find out more about why it bothers him. She even asks her husband to remove the clothing. Also, she understands that Simon has made fun of holy water and has offended Joseph (the houseboy). Jane does not value Roman Catholicism, but when she realizes Joseph’s angry she tells Simon to apologize because she does not want to lose her houseboy, â€Å"Calling holy water nonsense to our Joseph is really like insulting the Virgin Mary before a Roman Catholic. He’s going to hand in his notice tomorrow you mark my word† (Soyinka, pg. 24). After Jane tells Simon that he has offended the house boy, on the next page Simon apologizes for saying what he said, â€Å"[between gritted teeth] Er..forget what I said just now. The holy water is not nonsense. I was talking nonsense† (Soyinka, pg. 25). By Simon saying this through ‘gritted teeth,’ the reader can understand that he did not really want to apologize, but he did it anyway because of what his wife said. On the next page, Jane almost puts Simon in his place when he complains about what he did. Jane asks him how Amusa took the apology and Simon goes on to say, â€Å"Who the hell gives a damn? I had a sudden vision of our Reverend Macfarlane drafting another letter of complaint to the resident about my unchristian language toward his parishioners. I wanted to make sure that Joseph didn’t ‘lose’ my note on the way. He looked sufficiently full of holy crusade to do such thing.† (Soyinka, pg. 26). And then Jane come s right back at him saying, â€Å"If you’ve finished exaggerating, come and have something to eat† (Soyinka, pg. 26). Simon might be the Colonial District Officer and makes decisions that are important for his town, but through these passages, the reader can infer that Jane has a slight power over her husband that he cannot control. Also, Jane appears to be easier to talk to, according to Olunde. â€Å"I need your help Mrs. Pilkings. I’ve always found you somewhat more understanding than your husband† (Soyinka, pg. 42). Reading on in Act four, the audience understands that Jane does not understand Olunde’s reaction to his father’s death when she yells and calls him vulgar names. Unlike Simon, who does not care to learn anymore about the Yoruba culture because they are under his administration, Jane asks Olunde to explain what is going on. ‘‘Your calm acceptance for instance, can you explain that? It was so unnatural. I donâ€℠¢t understand it at all. I feel a need to understand all I can. I feel it has to do with the many things we don’t really grasp about your people† (Soyinka, pg 46). Jane wants to learn more about this tradition so she can understand why they do it. Aside from Elesin having the responsibility of continuing out the tradition of following the King, Iyaloja has to make a sacrifice of her own, but she has no problem completing it, unlike Elesin. This shows Iyaloja’s loyalty and her responsibility in her culture. Iyaloja’s son is to marry the bride that Elesin has chosen (the object off-stage). She let’s this happen so that Elesin can have his request for his last day. When this first happens, Iyaloja is very upset with this decision, but she does not want to speak up because Elesin is supposed to make a sacrifice for her so she feels she should make the same for him. She does not want to â€Å"burden him with knowledge that will sour his wish and lay regrets on the last moments of his mind† (Soyinka, pg. 16). The importances of these sacrifices are of the same significance and there is proof in the play that tells us so. In the beginning, the Praise-singer is commending Elesin for the way he is following through with his duty and the tradition, telling him, â€Å"Our world was never wrenched from its true course,† and â€Å"the world was never tilted from its groove, it shall not be in yours† (Soyinka, pg. 6). The Praise-singer is basically telling Elesin that this tradition has lived on for generations and if he breaks this tradition that he is of extreme failure to the culture. When Iyaloja has to make her decision of letting her son’s bride marry Elesin, the other women try to make her refuse Elesin’s request and Iyaloja states â€Å"don’t set this world adrift of your own time; would you rather it was my hand sacrilege wrenched it loose?† (Soyinka, pg. 16). The wrong action on Elesin or Iyaloja’s part will have an extreme consequence. The young bride that Elesin chooses also has an important task to fulfill and she also completes it, unlike Elesin. Throughout the play, the bride keeps to herself and does not speak. Her thoughts are never considered and we have no way of knowing how she feels about being with Elesin or how she truly feels about the man that she was supposed to marry (Iyaloja’s son). When the women return with the bride after getting her ready in the chamber, Elesin’s face â€Å"[glows with pleasure]† (Soyinka, pg. 18), but it is never mention how the bride feels or what her face looks like. Is she glowing with pleasure? Or is she miserable and wants to be with the one she really loves? Regardless of this, the bride marries Elesin and lets him taker her virginity. After, the bride comes out of the wedding chamber and is standing â€Å"[shyly by her husband’s side]† (Soyinka, pg. 32). When Elesin is imprisoned, his bride is â€Å"[seated on the ground to one side, her eyes perpetually bent to the ground]† (Soyinka, pg. 50). When Elesin speaks to his wife about how she took away his duty, she does not interfere or say anything back to him. Also, when Jane tries to speak to Elesin, he tells her that his bride knows not to interfere with the man’s problems. This is almost like the bride is a prisoner too, but when Elesin dies, the bride â€Å"walks calmly into the cell and closes Elesin’s eyes. She then pours some earth over each eyelid and comes out again† (Soyinka, pg. 63). The bride, throughout the play, does not show any feeling or emotion to what is happening. She knows that she has a duty and she takes full responsibility for it. Without speaking or showing this emotion, she just performs her duty. The women in Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman are passive when it comes to the men, but they have proven to be responsible, strong, and will carry out the future in the play. At the end, Elesin and his son Olunde are dead, and Simon will have to take the blame for it when everyone finds out what happened. The men have caused all the big problems in this play. The beginning of the play is all about the power a man has, Elesin flaunting through the market. At the end of the play, the women (Iyaloja and the bride) are focused on the future, what it holds, and how to carry out their culture. â€Å"Now forget the dead, forget even the living. Turn your mind only to the unborn.† (Soyinka, pg. 63). Soyina, Wole.Death and the King’s Horseman.New York, NY:W.W. Norton and Company, 2003. Research Papers on Influence of Women in the Yoruba CultureThe Fifth HorsemanComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBringing Democracy to AfricaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Honest Iagos Truth through DeceptionPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Is Hamlet a Tragic Hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Hamlet a Tragic Hero - Essay Example According to Aristotle, there are six major elements required to make up a tragic hero – three character elements and three behavioral elements. To begin with, the hero must have a noble stature. He must also have excessive pride in some aspect of his being. Finally, he has to have a tragic flaw, usually something related to his source of pride. These three character traits combined lead the character to his or her downfall through a three-step process that comprises the behavioral aspect of Aristotle’s definition. This process begins with a mistake in judgment or action that will eventually cause the hero’s ruin. The second event is when the hero realizes where he made his mistake. The final event is the reversal of fortunes the hero experiences as a result of his mistake (â€Å"Aristotle†, 1998). With this definition in hand, it is easy to see how Shakespeare’s character Hamlet fits within this definition. Hamlet meets all three of the character requirements to be defined as a tragic hero. He is noble first because he is truly of noble blood being the only son of the reigning king and queen and second because he is dedicated to doing the right thing. Although everyone else has come out of mourning less than two months after King Hamlet’s death in honor of the new royal couple, Hamlet is accused of wearing black to seem more upset than the others, showing that he is still mourning the death of the old king which was only proper this early after he died. A lot of his inability to act throughout the play is based on this insistence that he act correctly rather than allowing himself to be fooled by the devil. Hamlet’s pride is in his intellectual abilities. However, his fatal flaw is in allowing himself to analyze a situation too much, which slows his actions considerably and provides his uncle with the knowledge that Hamlet suspects his actions. Hamlet also meets all of the behavioral requirements of Aristotle’s definition of

E-goverment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-goverment - Essay Example E-government not only helps provide service to citizens, it is use a system of ICT hardware and software to improve internal and external government functions. Even though some countries have found improved systems and efficiency using e-government tools, there are many problems with design and implementation that are both internalized and externalized. These problems range from improper systems emphasis, changing visitor needs at the citizen level, interoperability problems between different software packages, outsourcing issues and problems with procurement. The research literature suggests that implementation of e-government services poses challenges even for more developed country. The subject is a fast-growing one with important consequences for national economies and competitiveness. In a sense, it represents a revolution in the way that services are provided to citizens. E-government is a fast growing industry. Like all such things that expand rapidly, there are great gains to be made, but also periodic setbacks. For example, in India, a country with a well-established governmental system, e-government has posed problems with regards to the process of electronic procurement. This country has a bidding system for purchase of governmental goods and services and the e-procurement system has increased average bidders from three to 4.5 (Payne, 2006). By moving governmental procurement to the Internet, it has managed to complicate the supply chain, therefore leading to the need for more database storage ability and more information technology support. This example is a useful illustration of one of an important issue relating to e-government. In the United States, e-government has created a need for internal organizational changes that demand decentralization, rather than its traditional top-down leadership hierarchy. In a decentralized structure, decision-making is filtered throughout the organization instead of in a

Whether Tilly is a proverbial Don Quixote, misconstruing the benign as Essay

Whether Tilly is a proverbial Don Quixote, misconstruing the benign as threatening. Is there any reason not to dismiss him - Essay Example In this respect, Tilly advocates for realism as opposed to determinism in a social science context. Mill also learns of the approach of Tilly in the study of social science. People must consider the premise that an individual must justify actions with the reality of actions. This is an assumption held by Tilly with regard to normative theory of social science. However, Mill is convinced that Tilly’s opposition to the aspect of determinism is justified (Franklin, 2007). Mill also anticipated Tilly’s social science criticisms because he also believes in the normative approach. An individual ought to base his decisions on self-conscience whereby a person influences the environment instinctively. Mill also believed that a humanistic approach in social science is justifiable and it formed the basis of Tilly’s critique for the determinism approach by in social science. The only exception when the normative approach is not followed is during a break in the pattern of a social life. Tilly also argues that the world is a rational environment as opposed to a social environment. This social philosopher upholds the fact that all actions are justified by reason in accordance to Descartes’s philosophical concept. Tilly is critical of the social scientist’s argument that reason-giving is just eventful rather than normality in life. According to Giddens (2008), the reasons given for any undertaking, must be of the right kind and must be applied to the right people in order to foster order in society. The speed of justifying actions by reason should also be high in order to have a logical flow of events. Tilly’s position on class politics contributed to his critique of the other socialist’s argument on normative socialism. In his critique, Tilly sought to abandon the structuralism theory of social science. Additionally, Tilly distanced himself for the reductionist theory. This paved way for

LNG Markets and Carriers

LNG Markets and Carriers LNG Ship Market Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting mainly of methane, which is used as an energy source for many applications, such as electricity generation, heating and transportation. It can be considered the cleanest of all fossil fuels, producing up to 29% less CO2 per Joule than oil, and minimal amounts of sulphur (1). Combined with its relatively low price and high energy content per weight, natural gas could have been a viable energy solution many decades ago, but its widespread use was hindered by the difficulty to store and transport it. Nowadays, its majority is transported through pipelines and as liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) by shipment (around 27%). LNG is natural gas that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage and transport, requiring only about 1/600 of its volume in gaseous state. LNG transportation by ships is used particularly when geographical constraints deem pipeline use unfeasible. An aspect that has held back LNG, and by extension natural gas us e, is the very high capital costs associated with the LNG supply chain (gas exploration, liquefaction, transportation and regasification) (2). These required high investments, mandated security of LNG supply and led to long term cooperation between buyers and sellers. This resulted in a highly structured LNG market, with rigid contracts of 20 years or more and very few vessels left spare for use in spot trade. This initial market profile could be characterized as an oligopoly, formed by large state-controlled or regulated oil and gas companies and a small number of independent ship owners. A bad period for the LNG market were the 1980s, where energy prices were high and the demand was low. At the time of the markets revival (early 1990s) the LNG trade was firmly divided between the Atlantic Basin and Asia Pacific markets. However after the 1990s, with additional liquefaction plants being built in exporting countries and cost reductions in all segments of the supply chain, a surplus of LNG available was created and a lot of new investments were triggered. This led to gradual liberation of the gas market with short term contracts also being signed. However, long term contracts, also known as SPAs (Sale and Purchase Agreements) still dominate the market, as no supplier undertakes a new project without contracting and securing its outlet first. At the moment spot rates represent up to 15% of the total market, with indications that contracts are increasingly becoming more flexible in volumes and price mechanisms (3). The market is also increasingly international, with another major export area being the Middle East. As seen in Figures 1 and 2, Qatar is nowadays the biggest LNG exporting country, with a share of over 25% of world exports. The main importing countries are Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, Spain, UK and Italy all of which are either countries in need of large energy amounts, or face domestic energy supply shortages (4). Japan in particular, after the Fukus hima Daiichi nuclear disaster became an even larger importer, accounting for a third of world LNG imports. China is expected to dramatically increase its LNG imports in order to achieve its goal of decreasing air pollution by doubling natural gas usage for power by 2016 and relying less on coal for energy production (5).ÂÂ   Europe on the other hand has seen a decrease in LNG importing in recent years, mainly due to the recent financial crisis and volatile market, and also because of the drop in spot rates and the fact that Asian and American countries are paying more for gas. The outlook on future LNG trade is positive however, as seen in Figure 3 (6), especially when considering the steady and linear LNG market increase up to the late 90s (Figure 4) (7). In terms of the LNG carrier fleet, there are around 380 LNG vessels operating today, with 94 new buildings scheduled for delivery until 2017 (8). In Figure 5, it can be observed that the average capacity of LNG carriers on or der is between 150.000 160.000 m3 while the average operating LNG carrier has a size between 120.000 140.000ÂÂ   m3. This indicates a trend of increasing vessel sizes, in line with what is happening to other merchant shipping markets in recent years. LNG Ship Structures The most striking difference between LNG carriers and typical tankers is the complex cargo containment and handling systems found on LNG ships. These serve several purposes. They seal the LNG in a positive pressure, gas tight compartment to avoid mixing with air;ÂÂ   insulate it from outside heat in order to keep the entire cargo amount at -162 oC, thus minimizing boil-off gas, and also prevent this very low temperature from reaching the hull structure and cause steel brittleness (9). LNG vessels normally have between four and six cargo tanks which are either independent, self-supporting tanks or membrane-type tanks. By default all LNG ships are double hull vessels. Self-supporting tanks are independent to the ship hull and are free to thermally expand and contract. They are also easy to inspect for leakage, but on the downside they do not make efficient use of space (10). The tank type that is typically used on LNG carriers is the Type B independent tank, which is usually spher ical (Figure 6). This design, also known as the Kvaerner-Moss System, initially used storage tanks made of 9% nickel-steel, but these were quickly replaced by aluminium tanks which are more resilient to thermal and mechanical stresses are and easier to form. The tanks feature an equatorial ring from which they suspend, and therefore the majority of mechanical and thermal stresses are exerted on that area (11) . Because of their enhanced design, Type B tanks only require a partial secondary barrier in the form of a dip tray. The hold space is normally filled with dry inert gas; however dry air can also be used if the system is capable of providing inert gas to the area in a case of case leakage. A protective steel dome covers the primary barrier above deck level and insulation is applied to the outside of the tank (12). Insulation materials are typically glass, wool, vapour permeable aluminium foil and a number of expansion foam types. Type B tanks can also have a prismatic shape to maximise volumetric efficiency. The other major tank type is the membrane-type tank, with the No.96 System from Gaz Transport and the Mk III System from Technigaz being the main two sub categories. Both types utilize a thin and flexible primary membrane (0.7 1.5mm) which is in contact with the cargo and a secondary barrier on the outside. The pressure is applied on the membrane from both the cargo on the inside and the insulation on the outside, and the entire arrangement rests on the ships structure, forming an integral part of it. The Gaz Transport 96 system utilizes 0.7 mm thick invar (36% nickel, 0.2% carbon steel alloy) for both the primary and the secondary layer, with boxes filled with perlite used as insulation in between the membranes and in between the secondary membrane and the vessels structure. The entire construction leans on each consecutive layer and finally on the ships structure (Figure 7). Invar is used primarily because of its low coefficient of thermal expansio n which makes the use of expansion boxes or corrugations unnecessary. On the other hand, the Mk III system from Technigaz features a primary stainless steel barrier of 1.2mm in thickness, with corrugations which enable thermal expansion and contraction. Polyurethane foam reinforced with fiberglass is used as insulation, while the second membrane is a simpler and cheaper one, made of triplex, a type of vapour permissible plastic mass. Both systems permit a boil-off of up to 0.15% but in reality this is much less (12). In 1994 Tehnigaz and Gaz Transport merged and their respective systems since bore a GTT suffix in their names. GTT also developed a third membrane containment system for LNG carriers named Combine System One (CSO), which combines elements from both designs (11). Propulsion Systems using LNG as Fuel The use of LNG as a propulsion fuel is a relatively new trend for non-LNG carrier vessels. The reason for considering LNG as a fuel for tankers, bulk carriers and ferries is mainly because it is much more environmentally friendly when compared to other types of fuel such as heavy fuel oil and marine diesel oil. This is especially important for vessels operating in emission controlled areas (ECAs), and with future IMO plans of expanding these areas, many ship operators are considering alternative solutions. The option of using LNG offers the benefit of almost sulphur-free emissions, and therefore access to ECAs, at a price much lower than that of low sulphur heavy fuel oil. However, LNG bunkering stations are not very widespread, and the high investment required for propulsion and fuel handling systems is also a deterring factor. Nevertheless, LNG has been used as a fuel on LNG tankers ever since 1964 (13). Early systems utilised steam turbines for propulsion, which were powered by st eam produced in boilers that operated by burning the boil-off gas from the cargo tanks. Even though this propulsion type is not very efficient (about 28%), the ability to utilise cargo which would otherwise just be disposed of provided major economic advantages to operators. This type of propulsion system is still found in the majority of LNG carriers up to this day. Nowadays however, because of the relatively high price of natural gas, re-liquefaction plants are starting to be utilised, in order to capture and re-store boil off gas, and slow speed diesel engines burning heavy fuel oil are used for propulsion. This results in significant fuel savings (slow speed diesels are around 50% efficient) but does not solve the ever growing emission problem. Therefore, dual fuel engines are also starting to be used in the industry. These are primarily diesel engines working on the same principle, with the difference that gas is also introduced with air in the induction stroke, and is burned t ogether with diesel fuel when that is injected at the end of the compression stroke. The result is much cleaner emissions and fuel savings. Duel fuel engines can either be direct drive or coupled to generators for electric propulsion. For direct drive systems slow speed dual fuel engines can be used but medium speed engines for electric propulsion are the predominant choice at the moment. Dual fuel gas turbines can also be used for that matter but are not widely utilised on LNG carriers (14). In Figure 9, a distribution of propulsion systems for new LNG carriers on order can be seen. References 1. Natural Gas and the Environment. s.l. : NaturalGas.org. 2. LNG shipping business versus dry cargo shipping a comparative study. S.Kamalakannan and Dr.B.Madhavan. 2012, ZENITH International Journal of Business Economics Management Research. 3. History, trends and prospects for LNG shipping. Leroy, Paul-Albert. Athens : Barry Rogliano Salles, 2012. 4. White, Bill. Alaka Natural Gas Transportation Projects. [Online] 6 September 2011. [Cited: 12 March 2014.] http://www.arcticgas.gov/global-LNG-rapid-growth-overestimated-demand-excess-capacity. 5. Cunningham, Nick. The Diplomat. [Online] 5 December 2013. [Cited: 12 March 2014.] http://thediplomat.com/2013/12/china-increases-purchases-of-lng-on-spot-market/. 6. Kurt Oswald, Joerg Doerler, Akshat Seth. ATKerney. [Online] December 2011. [Cited: 12 March 2014.] http://www.atkearney.com/paper/-/asset_publisher/dVxv4Hz2h8bS/content/the-future-of-the-european-gas-supply/10192. 7. White, Bill. Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Project. [Online] 13 August 2013. [Cited: 12 March 2014.] http://www.arcticgas.gov/alaska-lng-could-have-right-heat-content-asia-buyers. 8. Almeida, Rob. Whos Building LNG Carriers? gCaptain. [Online] 22 April 2013. [Cited: 12 March 2014.] http://gcaptain.com/whos-building-carriers/. 9. Michael D. Tusiani, Gordon Shearer. LNG: A Nontechnical Guide. Tulsa, Oklahoma : PennWell Corporation, 2007. 10. Zhou, Prof. Peilin. NM952/21525 Advanced Marine Engineering course notes. Glasgow : s.n., 2014. 11. Sacchi, Alan. Types of LNG Carriers. Hrvatsko pomorsko dobro. [Online] [Cited: 13 March 2014.] http://www.pomorskodobro.com/en/types-of-lng-carriers.html. 12. International Safety Guide for Inland Navigation Tank-barges and Terminals. Types of Gas Carriers. ISGINTT. [Online] 2010. [Cited: 13 March 2014.] http://www.isgintt.org/files/Chapter_33en_isgintt_062010.pdf. 13. MAN Diesel and Turbo. Propulsion Trends in LNG Carriers. MAN. [Online] [Cited: 13 March 2014.] http://www.mandiesel.com/files/news/filesof8074/5510-0035-01ppr.pdf. 14. Wartsila. LNG the Pros Cons. Wartsila. [Online] June 2012. [Cited: 13 March 2014.] http://www.wartsila.com/en/lng-the-pros-and-cons. Appendix Figure 1: Main LNG Exporting Countries in 2010 (4) Figure 2: Main LNG Importing Countries in 2010 (4) Figure 3: Projected LNG demand by region until 2020 (6) Figure 4: LNG demand up to 2012 (7) Figure 5: LNG Carrier New Build by Size Figure 6: Self-supporting spherical Type B tank (12) Figure 7: GT 96 Membrane Containment System (12) Figure 8: GT Mk III Membrane Containment System (12) Figure 9:ÂÂ   Distribution of propulsion systems of LNG fleet on order (13)

Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh Flood Myth and Book of Genesis Biblical

Comparing the Gilgamesh and Genesis Floods      Ã‚  Ã‚   The rendition of the historic, worldwide Flood recorded in Genesis of the Old Testament is similar to the account recorded on Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh, discovered in the 1800’s by British archaeologists in Assyria. Let us compare the two in this essay.    Alexander Heidel in his book, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, provides a background for the survivor of the Sumero-Babylonian Flood, Utnapishtim:    Utnapishtim was the son of Ubara-Tutu, the Otiartes, or, rather, Opartes of Berossus. According to Berossus, the deluge hero was the tenth Prediluvian king in Babylonia. Also in the Sumerian inscription he is referred to as king; there he occupies also a priestly office, viz., that of the administrator of the temple provisions of a certain god. In the Gilgamesh epic, Utnapishtim is not invested with any royal power or entrusted with any priestly office; from it we learn simply that he was a citizen of Shurippak (Tablet XI:23) and a man of considerable wealth (XI:70ff). (227)    N.K. Sandars in the Introduction to his book, The Epic of Gilgamesh, sums up the involvement by the pagan gods in the Sumero-Babylonian Flood narrative:    In the Gilgamesh flood Ishtar and Enlil are as usual the advocates of destruction. Ishtar speaks, perhaps in her capacity as goddess of war, but Enlil prevails with his weapon of the storm. Only Ea, in superior wisdom, either was not present, or being present was silent, and with his usual cunning saw to it that at least one of the race of men should survive. (41)    Column 1 on Tablet 11 begins the Sumero-Babylonian Flood narrative (Gardner 226). The sage Utnap... ...nd his family to â€Å"be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.† God promises that â€Å"never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth.† The offering of sacrifice, and its acceptance by God – these are repeated in both accounts of the Flood.    WORKS CITED    Gardner, John and John Maier. Gilgamesh: Translated from the Sin-leqi-unninni version. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.    Harris, Stephen L. â€Å"Gilgamesh.† The Humanist Tradition in World Literature. Ed. Stephen Harris. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1970.    Heidel, Alexander. The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.    Ignatius Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1966.    Sandars. N. K. The Epic of Gilgamesh. New York: Penguin Books, 1972.   

Political Communications Essay

The power or ability of the media to influence people and the society is an undeniable reality. In fact, media is not to be underestimated as proven by the implications it has created among people and within their way of living. It is through this reason or principle that the media is regarded as something that is too powerful and which can be paralleled to the power of God. In particular, since the print and broadcast or electronic media have control over their respective public, its influence has apparently been considered as similar or equal to the Creator’s authority. However, while it is a true fact that the media encompasses almost everything in today’s modern world, it is also a reality that the industry could never be described as the second God. This is because God is above everything and that nothing or nobody can correspond to Him. Additionally, although the effects of media are indisputable, it should be realized that God is still supreme among the whole things and that nothing or no one comes next to Him. It is, therefore, under this principle that media should never be compared to the power of God and that whatever theory claiming otherwise should not be taken as the whole and acceptable concept. Ultimately, the media and all other things are nothing without God hence it is totally unwarranted to compare and place it next or even regard it as the second God. One concrete manifestation of the said improper and erroneous consideration is the principle created by Western theorist Tony Schwartz and as depicted in his book titled â€Å"Media, the Second God. The work done by Schwartz (1983) is nothing but a disillusioned idea about the power of media, electronic media in particular. While it is, in a way, acceptable that both print and broadcast media impacted people and the manner of living, it is totally illogical to compare or even consider media as the second God. In fact, the author has evidently failed to strengthen his idea. This is primarily for the reason that God is the highest or absolute among us and of all the things around us. Hence, Schwartz and his book can be taken according only to its merit or the fact that media is influential and definitely affects people and the society in general but its concept about media as the second God should definitely not be considered and accepted as an utmost premise. Media, the Second God – an Overview The Schwartz book explores media’s mounting power or influence in the fields of medicine, learning, industry, political affairs and beliefs and daily living of people. He distinguished electronic media as the â€Å"received media† while print media as a â€Å"perceived medium† (Schwartz, 1983, p. 1). In differentiating between the two, Schwartz emphasized that skill and education are essential for the public to recognize and accept perceived media while almost all people appreciate received media. The author explained that the contemporary world tends to the appreciation of the received media because of the increasing effect of electronic media in the manner how people carry out their lives. This particular age of reception manifests people dependence with the telephone, television, radio and other forms of electronic media. He added that the significant implications of electronic or received media are evident with the notable changes in the areas of â€Å"business, communication, education, statesmanship, and every other area of life† (Schwartz, 1983, p. 17). Schwartz further wrote that the advent and increasing influence of electronic media has proven its essence as the new media. Additionally, the power of the electronic media is supported by the authors with the ways how broadcast commercials or advertisements work among people and into their lives. In fact, electronic media has nearly removed the nature of door-to-door salespersons. This is because the radio and television as well as other forms of electronic media are able to get across the feelings, manner and value of products being promoted (Schwartz, 1983, p. 43). Schwartz also presented in his book how a telephone polling system, which is another form of electronic media, created an impact or changed people’s perception about the necessity of police protection against crime and eventually saved the John Jay College of Criminal Justice from closure (Schwartz, 1983, p. 1). Moreover, Schwartz has stressed the influence of electronic media with its social functions or the services it has offered not only to people but to the society as well. The book is ultimately recalled with its depiction of the incredible expansion of the telephone device as an absolute form of electronic media due to its tremendous influence into the lives of the people. Media, the Second God – a Critique In analyzing the Schwartz book, one is likely to experience a sense of depression because of the author’s apparent utopianism. Simply put, Schwartz’s idea of the growing purpose or role of the electronic media, particularly the telephone device, seemed too disillusioned or unrealistic. In particular, it is totally illogical and even less reassuring to discover when the author stated that the telephone device is on the rise as an instrument or another tool of electronic media in the field of education. In fact, his admission that the development of telephone seems to be gradual already contradicted his position that the devise is growing. The said disclosure also deserted Schwartz claim that the said device is an effective tool of learning primarily because of the apparent defect of the telephone. Even Schwartz’s claim that a number of students benefited from telephone-based classes failed to prove the effectivity and power of the telephone as a means of education. In short, it is unbelievable to state that an instruction about telephone is as convincing as an efficient method of learning. Damaging and Unproven Claims Schwart’s consideration of the media as the second God is subjected to the author’s many falsehoods as well as damaging and unsupported statements. An incredible claim by Schwartz is his statement that he was able to teach around the world even without leaving the luxury of his office through the use of the portable conference telephone. This is because despite the advancement of the electronic media, particularly the telephone device, it is still subjected to or not totally free from interruptions or technical obstacles. Hence, while the said statement tends to be probable, it is not the case all the time. At the highlight of the book’s chapter titled â€Å"The Incredible Expanding Telephone,† the author’s amusing tale about his American Museum of Natural History’s Laserium experience apparently sabotaged himself. It was a totally lame excuse when he said that while appropriately structured utilization of the telephone device has the ability of giving many important and useful services, it is still susceptible to problems as its poor plan may lead to telephone failure. Again, this time Schwartz contradicted and exposed himself to criticism. The author’s above manifestations of self-sabotage represent his usual characteristics as a highly-acclaimed sound designer, producer or creator of promotional advertisements or commercials and telecommunications teacher at New York University. Schwart’s self-sabotage is further proven by another bungle which he wrote in an earlier chapter of the book titled â€Å"The Electronic Classroom. In the said chapter, he extolled on the possibilities of working on recorded items as a form of education aid but again failed. This is because Schwartz offered the following simply as his solid proof of evidence: sound of family members fighting with each other, a walking manic depressive and a telephone dialogue, which he previously taped, with a person planning to commit suicide. Unfortunately for the readers, the said examples of Schwart’s self-sabotage were clearly depicted in the book. Either intentionally or not, the author and his work already lost its efficiency and credibility because Schwartz failed to prove or support his idea that the media, electronic media in particular, is the second God. This is because, unparalleled to God who is perfect, media has its flaws. As regard his other consideration of media as the second God, Schwartz’s once more not succeeded in his another declaration that refined or high-quality and efficient electronic advertisements can definitely sell substandard merchandise on a limited period. This claim has totally contradicted electronic media’s commercials about cigarette products which the author himself praised regretfully in the book. In fact, even his self-tribute chapter on how he envisioned and organized the fight which eventually saved the John Jay College was another proof of his personal destruction. This is because the author again fell short of bringing up any issue of essence or importance regarding the reason behind why the said educational institution is really important to be kept. Resemblance of Respect for God Notwithstanding the above stated flaws, the public may be able to contemplate what is really appealing and motivating about the Schwart’s book. One manifestation of such interesting quality and which is worthy to note is how strongly the people’s outlooks concerning the media certainly remind the readers of our admiration and high esteem for God. Additionally, due to the undeniable influence and assistance of the electronic media, people in post literate or deprived societies are better educated than people of the previous history accounts. Another manifestation of the book’s resemblance of respect for God is the fact that similar to our worship to the Creator, people and the society have high esteem about the need to protect and preserve human life. This is the reason why people in the countryside are too much worried about the proliferation and gravity of street crimes in other areas as what the electronic media is presenting. This is also due to the inclination of people to associate themselves with the people of other societies which they see on television or hear on radio. Media as Provider of Information, an Argument The last thing that is unacceptable to Schwart’s claims is his dispute that due to the overwhelming pieces of information which is accessible to people through electronic media, particularly television, the necessity to learn or specifically to write and read is not that immediate compared to before the arrival and development of the electronic media. With a benefit of the doubt, the author may not have intended this claim as a justification of illiteracy or an assertion that the skill to write and read has not benefits. However, he once again did not succeed in satisfactory stressing that in spite how much people grasp the manner of view and sound or noise due to advance contact or experience of the electronic media, there will still be difficulty in assessment and communication not unless people have learned and are able to write and read. One concrete manifestation of the said argument is Schwartz himself. This is for the reason that there could be a link between his usually disordered, self-conflicting claims and lines of reasoning as well as his automatic and ripped-ridden works. In fact, if not of too much criticism, the author may be literally depicted based from his own claim when he wrote that he led the class for school students who are regarded as â€Å"poor readers and poor listeners† (Schwarts, 1983, p. 128). This observation may be disputed by Schwartz himself especially taking into consideration his surprising power at influencing electronic reflections where even the power of verbal confidence may not be necessary to let the public have a glimpse of the author’s severe yet unproven perspectives and statements. Conclusion There have been many works exemplifying and proving the power or influence of the media to people and the society in general but the Schwartz book is certainly not one of them. This is because of the apparent misleading writing scheme and unsupported concepts presented by the author. While, in a way, he succeeded in imparting to the public the truth about the ability of the media, particularly the electronic media, to affect people and their way of living, his confusing or disillusioned ideas and claims are proof that nothing or no one can equal to God’s level. Schwartz was totally wrong in conveying the idea that the media is the second God for the simple reason that no other entity can be placed next to God, much so paralleled with Him. A critical analysis of the Schwartz book exposes the ineffectivity of the author in his approach to convey his ideas and eventually make the public agree. Additionally, the book unfortunately showed its inadequate and unproven content as well as the substance of the author’s line of thinking. In effect, Schwartz failed in whatever objective he has in doing the book. This is because his intentions are not met and eventually turned out to be futile efforts. The book is nothing but a collection of unsupported concepts and disenchanted theories. Schwartz’s approach or style is not well-founded and convincing simply because of the fact that his main idea that media is the second God is an outright contradiction of the existing view that there is nothing next or even equal to God. The topic about the power or influence of media is definitely relevant or that the material itself is appealing or that the writing style and quality somehow corresponds to the body of literature of that period. However, these good points were immaterial because the author and the book failed in the accuracy or reliability of thoughts organization. This is aside from the fact that majority of the contentions presented by Schwartz were unsupported. For this, it can be construed that the book is generally not valuable to be provided with attention and relevance. Ultimately, Schwartz and his work can be held liable for insinuating the principle that media is the second God precisely for reality that media is a creation of man who, in turn, could not be created without the power of God.

Biography of Jacob J.Lew, Former Treasury Secretary

Biography of Jacob J.Lew, Former Treasury Secretary Jacob Joseph Jack Lew (born Aug. 29, 1955) served as the 76th United States secretary of the treasury from 2013 to 2017. Nominated by President Barak Obama on Jan. 10, 2013, Lew was confirmed by the Senate on Feb. 27, 2013, and sworn in the next day to replace the retiring Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner. Before his service as treasury secretary, Lew served as director of the Office of Management and Budget in the administrations of Obama and President Bill Clinton.  Lew was replaced as secretary of the treasury on Feb.13, 2017, by President Donald Trump’s nominee ​Steven Mnuchin, a banker and former hedge fund manager. Fast Facts: Jacob J. "Jack" Lew Known For: 76th U.S. Treasury Secretary under former President Barak Obama, also served as chief of staff under Obama and director of the Office of Management and Budget under both Obama and former President Bill ClintonAlso Known As: Jacob Joseph. Jack LewBorn: Aug. 29, 1955 in New York CityParents: Ruth Turoff and Irving LewEducation: Harvard University  (BA, 1978), Georgetown University  (JD, 1983)Awards and Honors: Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters (Georgetown University, 2014)Spouse: Ruth SchwartzChildren: Shoshana, IsaacNotable Quotes: The budget is not just a collection of numbers, but an expression of our values and aspirations. ... In my last tour of duty here in the 1990s, we made the tough, bipartisan decisions needed to bring our budget into surplus. Once again, it will take tough choices to put us on a sustainable fiscal path. Early Life and Education Lew was born on Aug. 29, 1955, in New York City to Irving Lew, a lawyer and rare book dealer, and Ruth Turoff. Lew attended New York City public schools, graduating from Forest Hill High School, where he met his future wife Ruth Schwartz. After attending Carleton College in Minnesota, Lew graduated from Harvard University in 1978 and from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1983. Government Career While involved in the federal government for nearly 40 years, Lew has never held an elected position. At just 19, Lew worked as a legislative aide to U.S. Rep. Joe Moakley (D-Mass.) from 1974 to 1975. After working for Rep. Moakley, Lew worked as a senior policy adviser to famed Speaker of the House Tip ONeill. As an adviser to ONeill, Lew served as executive director of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee. Lew also served as ONeills liaison to the 1983 Greenspan Commission, which successfully negotiated a bipartisan legislative solution extending the solvency of the Social Security program. In addition, Lew assisted ONeill with economic issues, including Medicare, federal budget, tax, trade, spending and appropriations, and energy issues. Clinton Administration From 1998 to 2001, Lew served as director of the Office of Management and Budget, a Cabinet-level position under President Bill Clinton. At OMB, Lew headed up the Clinton administrations budget team and was a member of the National Security Council. During Lews three years as head of the OMB, the U.S. budget actually operated at a surplus for the first time since 1969. Since 2002, the budget has suffered an ever-increasing deficit. Under President Clinton, Lew also helped design and implement the national service program Americorps. Between Clinton and Obama Following the end of the Clinton administration, Lew served as executive vice president and chief operating officer of New York University. While at NYU, he taught public administration and handled the universitys budget and finances. After leaving NYU in 2006, Lew went to work for Citigroup, serving as managing director and chief operating officer for two of the banking giants business units. From 2004 through 2008, Lew also served on the board of directors of the Corporation for National and Community Service, chairing its Management, Administration, and Governance Committee. Obama Administration Lew first joined the Obama administration in 2010 as deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources. In November 2010, he was confirmed by the Senate as director of the Office of Management and Budget, the same office he held under President Clinton from 1998 to 2001. On Jan. 9, 2012, President Obama selected Lew as his White House chief of staff. During his time as chief of staff, Lew acted as a key negotiator between Obama and Republican Speaker of the House John Boehner in attempts to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff, the $85-billion forced budget sequestration and tax increases for wealthy Americans. In a 2012 article written for the HuffPost, Lew explained the Obama administrations plan for reducing the U.S. deficit as including: cutting $78 billion from the Department of Defense budget, raising the income tax rate for the top 2% of income earners to what they were during the Clinton administration, and reducing the federal tax rate on corporations from 35% to 25%. In my last tour of duty here in the 1990s, we made the tough, bipartisan decisions needed to bring our budget into surplus, wrote Lew. Once again, it will take tough choices to put us on a sustainable fiscal path. After Washington After Lews service in Washington, he returned to Wall Street to join a private equity firm. He is also a much-sought-after commentator on cable news shows, on issues ranging from the state of the economy to economic relations with China. Sources â€Å"Jacob J. Lew.†Ã‚  Jacob J. Lew | Columbia SIPA.Meredith, Sam. â€Å"More Bumps in the Road before US-China Trade Deal, Former Treasury Secretary Jack Lew Warns.†Ã‚  CNBC, CNBC, 26 Mar. 2019.Mittelman, Melissa. â€Å"Jack Lew Goes Back to Wall Street.†Ã‚  Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 20 Nov. 2017.Nottingham, Melissa. â€Å"Ruth Schwartz- Secretary of Treasury Jacob Lews Wife.†Ã‚  WAGPOLITICS.COM, 1 Oct. 2013.

Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale.

Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale. In this article, Walter Evans discusses the narrative style of Edgar Allan Poe and speaks about the peculiarities of such a short story as The Fall of the House of Usher. This novella occupies a distinctive place in the creative legacy of this writer, and it is included in many collections or anthologies. This literary work has always attracted a close attention of many literary critics who intend to study the literary elements and techniques used by Poe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, Walter Evans believes that this literary work does not comply with narrative principles advocated by Poe in many of his critical articles (Evans 137). Moreover, in the author’s opinion, Poe adopts a dramatically different narrative approach which was virtually unprecedented in the nineteenth century. Thus, t he readers should consider this issue in order to assess this short story. These are the main arguments that this scholar tries to elaborate in his discussion. In his critical works, this writer lays stress on the necessity to create the â€Å"preconceived effect† by inventing or combining the so-called â€Å"incidents† that enable the author to grasp the attention of a reader and produce a specific impression on the audience (Evans 138). In this case, the word incident is used to describe various elements of the narrative that help the writer to achieve his/her goals. This writer believed that every literary element had to be subordinated to the main effect that the author tried to produce. This method was advocated by many writers in the nineteenth century. Poe applied this approach to many of his short stories. Yet, Walter Evans believes that Poe does not use this principle while writing The Fall of the House of Usher. The scholar describes this short story as †Å"a series of vivid and superficially disjointed images† (Evans 140). Apart from that, in Evans Walter’s view, the narrative elements do not play an important role in this short story. There are some important events that are critical for the development of the narrative, but Edgar Poe does not pay much attention to them. For instance, one can mention the alleged death of Lady Madeline (Evans 140). Furthermore, the readers know very little about the factors that contributed to the downfall of Roderick Usher. This is the major distinctions that the scholar identifies. Overall, in this short story, Edgar Poe uses literary elements that help him create vivid imagery. In particular, one can speak about the use of metaphors that are necessary to create striking descriptions of the house in which the main character lives (Evans 143). These descriptions produce a strong impression on the readers who want to know why this house is depicted in this way. This is why this detail s hould be taken into account. Additionally, these literary devices are importa This description help readers place themselves in the position of the story-teller. Overall, Walter Evans argues that The Fall of the House of Usher can be viewed as the example of a lyric short story in which the sensations of the protagonist are more important than different elements of the plot (Evans 144).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This issue should not be disregarded because it is vital for the evaluation of this short story. This approach was later adopted by many writers in the twentieth century. In particular, it is possible to mention such authors as Sherwood Anderson and James Joyce. The author’s discussion shows that Edgar Poe could depart from the aesthetic principles which he discussed in his critical reviews. However, in this way, he was able to create innovative works of literature. These are the major points that the scholar makes in this article. One can argue that this article can be of great use to people who are interested in the works of Edgar Poe. His literary legacy is still closely examined by many critics, and his narratives are still open to various interpretations. Furthermore, this source can help a reader understand different approaches to writing short stories. So, this information can be useful for analyzing various narratives created by other writers. More importantly, the source can help readers better appreciate fiction. These are some of the main benefits that can be distinguished. This is why this article can be of great interest to students or even teachers. Certainly, the reading of this source may require some background knowledge. For example, one should learn more about the works of Edgar Poe and his views on literature and story-telling. Additionally, students may read various short stories written by this author . In this way, one can better understand the arguments that Walter Evans makes. This is one of the limitations that should be considered. However, this article contains an in-depth and thought-provoking analysis of Poe’s short story, and it can show how one can examine a work of literature, especially the techniques used by the authors. This is why it should not be overlooked by the readers. Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale.  Studies in Short Fiction 14.2 (1977): 137-144. ProQuest. Web.